Home > CSC-OpenAccess Library > Manuscript Information
EXPLORE PUBLICATIONS BY COUNTRIES |
EUROPE | |
MIDDLE EAST | |
ASIA | |
AFRICA | |
............................. | |
United States of America | |
United Kingdom | |
Canada | |
Australia | |
Italy | |
France | |
Brazil | |
Germany | |
Malaysia | |
Turkey | |
China | |
Taiwan | |
Japan | |
Saudi Arabia | |
Jordan | |
Egypt | |
United Arab Emirates | |
India | |
Nigeria |
Preferred Skin Color Enhancement of Digital Photographic Images
Huanzhao Zeng, Ronnier Luo
Pages - 314 - 329 | Revised - 15-08-2013 | Published - 15-09-2013
Published in International Journal of Image Processing (IJIP)
MORE INFORMATION
KEYWORDS
Skin Color Enhancement, Image Enhancement, Skin Tone, Preferred Color, Memory Color, Skin Color Model.
ABSTRACT
Reproducing skin colors pleasingly is essential for photographic color reproduction. Moving skin colors toward their preferred skin color center improves the skin color preference. Two main factors to successfully enhance skin colors are: a method to detect skin colors effectively and a method to morph skin colors toward a preferred skin color region properly. This paper starts with introducing a method to enhance skin colors using a static skin color detection model. It significantly improves the color preference for skin colors that are not far off from regular skin tones. To enhance a greater range of skin tones effectively, another method that automatically adapts the skin color detection model to the skin tone of each individual image is proposed. It not only enhances skin colors effectively, but also adjusts the overall image colors to produce more accurate white balance on the image.
C.J. Bartleson, "Memory colors of familiar objects", J. Opt. Soc. Am., vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 73-77,1960. | |
C.J. Bartleson, "Some observations on the reproduction of flesh colors", Photographic Science and Engineering 3, No. 3. 114-117 (1959). | |
C.L. Sanders, "Color preference for natural objects", Illumination Engineering, 452-456(1959). | |
C.P. Bartleson, and C.P. Bray, "On the preferred reproduction of flesh, blue-sky, and greengrass colors", Photographic Science and Engineering 6, No. 1, 19-25 (1962). | |
D. H. Kim, H. C. Do, S. II Chien, “Preferred skin color reproduction based on adaptive affine transform”, IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron. 51, No. 1, 191-197 (2005). | |
D.S. Park, Y. Kwak, H. Ok, and C.Y. Kim, "Preferred skin color reproduction on the display", J Electronic Imaging 15, 041203, (2006). | |
H. Pan and J. Daly, "Skin color cognizant GMA with luminance equalization", US Patent Application, US 2010/0194773. | |
H. Zeng and R. Luo, "A preferred skin color enhancement method for photographic color reproduction", Proc. SPIE 7866, 786613 1-9 (2011). | |
H. Zeng and R. Luo, "Preferred skin colours of African, Caucasian, and Oriental", Proc.IS&T/SID 19th Color Imaging Conference, 211-216 (2010). | |
H. Zeng and R. Luo, "Skin color modeling of digital photographic images", J. Imaging Sci.Technol. 55, No. 3, 030201 (2011). | |
H. Zeng, "Preferred skin colour reproduction", PhD dissertation, University of Leeds, Leeds,UK, 2011. | |
H. Zeng, and R. Luo, "Color and tolerance of preferred skin colors", Color Res. and Appl.,accepted for publication. | |
Hila Nachlieli, Gitit Ruckenstein, Darryl Greig, Doron Shaked, Ruth Bergman, Carl Staelin,Shlomo Harush, Mani Fischer, "Face and skin sensitive image enhancement", US Patent,8,031,961, 2011. | |
J. Kuang, X. Jiang, S. Quan, and A. Chiu, "A psychophysical study on the influence factors of color preference in photographic color reproduction", Proc. SPIE 5668, 12-19 (2005). | |
J. Y. Lee and S. I. Yoo, "An elliptical boundary model for skin color detection", Proc.International Conference on Imaging Science, Systems, and Technology, 579-584 (2002). | |
K. J. Karande and S. N. Talbar, “Independent Component Analysis of Edge Information for Face Recognition”, International Journal of Image Processing, Vol. 3(3) 120-130 (2009). | |
K.M. Braun, "Memory color enhancement algorithm", International Congress of Imaging Science, 227-229 (2006). | |
L. Pitchai and L. Ganesan, “Face Recognition Using Neural Networks”, Signal Processing:An International Journal, Vol. 3(5) 153-160 (2009). | |
P. Bodrogi, T. Tarczali, “Colour Memory for Various Sky, Skin, and Plant Colours: Effect of the Image Context”, Color Res. Appl. 26, No. 4, 278-289 (2001). | |
P. Viola, and M. Jones, "Robust real-time face detection," International J. Computer Vision 57, No. 2, 137-154 (2004). | |
R.W.G. Hunt, I.T. Pitt, and L.M. Winter, "The preferred reproduction of blue sky, green grass and Caucasian skin in color photography", J. Photographic Science 22, 144-149 (1974). | |
S. Hung, X. Jiang, and H. Li, “Image processing method and systems of skin color enhancement”, World Intellectual Property Organization, WO 2010/071738. | |
S. R. Fernandez and M. D. Fairchild, “Preferred Color Reproduction of Images with Unknown Colorimetry”, Proc. IS&T/SID 9th Color Imaging Conference, 274-279 (2001). | |
S.A. Inalou and S. Kasaei, "AdaBoost-based face detection in color images with low false alarm", Second International Conference on Computer Modeling and Simulation, 107-111 (2010). | |
S.N. Yendrikhovskij, F.J.J. Blommaert, and H. Ridder, "Color reproduction and the naturalness constraint", Color Res. Appl. 24, no. 1, 54-67 (1999). | |
S.R. Fernandez, M.D. Fairchild, and K. Braun, "Analysis of observer and cultural variability while generating preferred color reproductions of pictorial images", J. Imaging Sci. Technol. 49,No. 10, 96-104 (2005). | |
T. Yano, K. Hashimoto, "Preference for Japanese complexion color under illumination", Color Res. Appl. 22, No. 4, 269-274 (1997). | |
T.J.W.M. Janssen and F.J.J. Blommaert, "Predicting the usefulness and naturalness of color reproductions", J. Imaging Sci. Technol. 44, No. 2, 93-104 (2000). | |
X. Xu and H. Pan, "Skin and sky color detection and enhancement system", US Patent Application, US 2010/0322513. | |
Z. Zakaria and S. A. Suandi, “Face detection using combination of neural network and Adaboost”, IEEE Region 10 Conference, 335-338 (2011). | |
Dr. Huanzhao Zeng
Color Imaging Scientist, Qualcomm Research Center
Qualcomm Inc.
San Diego, CA 92121 - United States of America
huan_zeng@yahoo.com
Professor Ronnier Luo
Professor, Colour, Imaging and Design Research Cent
re
University of Leeds
Leeds LS2 9JT - United Kingdom
|
|
|
|
View all special issues >> | |
|
|